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CSS Mississippi
CSS ''Mississippi'' was a projected ironclad warship of the Confederate States Navy, intended to be used on the Mississippi River in the vicinity of New Orleans during the American Civil War. Her design was unusual, as she was built according to house-building techniques. Whether this would have proved to be feasible cannot be known, as she was not complete when New Orleans fell to the Union Fleet under Flag Officer David G. Farragut on 25 April 1862. Rather than let her fall into enemy hands, Captain Arthur Sinclair, CSN, ordered her to be hastily launched and burned.〔Still, ''Iron afloat,'' pp. 44ff.〕 Despite the delays in construction that left her unfinished and untried, her mere existence, together with that of CSS ''Louisiana'', raised thwarted hopes in the defenders of New Orleans, and unfounded fears in Union circles, that affected the strategy of both sides in the campaign on the lower Mississippi. ''Mississippi'' is significant to the Civil War therefore not so much as a warship as in the way her reputation influenced events, and as an example of the difficulties the South had in the contest with the industrial North.
== Origin of the river ironclads ==
At the start of the Civil War, Confederate Secretary of the Navy Stephen R. Mallory had promptly urged the building of armored warships, to counter by the inherent quality of ships in his Navy the superior numbers the Federal Navy would be able to use.〔Durkin, ''Confederate Navy Chief,'' pp. 153–154.〕 At his prodding, the Confederacy embarked on a construction program that included several armored vessels intended for use on the Mississippi River and other inland waters.〔Because these vessels were not intended to go on the open seas, they were customarily referred to in the mid-nineteenth century as "boats." This distinction between boats and ships is now retained only in special cases (such as the bulk carriers on the Great Lakes). In this article, modern usage will be used, and the armored vessels will be labeled "ships."〕 The initial plans, prepared after US President Abraham Lincoln had proclaimed the blockade of Southern ports but before the North had taken any major steps to subjugate the South, called for five ironclads to be built in the interior: CSS ''Eastport'' on the Tennessee River, ''Arkansas'' and ''Tennessee'' on the Mississippi at Memphis, and ''Louisiana'' and ''Mississippi'' at New Orleans.〔Still, ''Iron afloat,'' pp. 42–44.〕 In the end, only ''Arkansas'' of these five ever engaged the Union fleet in the intended manner; here we are concerned with why ''Mississippi'' was unable to do so.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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